Space factories for Earth-bound products. Varda Space Industries is building the world's first commercial zero-gravity industrial park at scale. In the near-term, Varda is laser-focused on manufacturing things off Earth that are highly valued on Earth. Over the long-term, Varda can build the infrastructure needed to enable humanity to industrialize space.
Created: 2020-12-29
Updated: 2024-07-30
Company - Varda Space Industries
Product/Service
- Classification
- In-Space Manufacturing
- Category
- In-Space Manufacturing
In-Space Production
Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite)
Transport Service (Re-Entry)
- Fields
- Space Capsule
Reusable
- Status
- Demonstrated, Development
- First launch
- 2023
In March 2023, Ashlee Vance wrote in a Bloomberg article:
- Varda plans to use robots to mix, heat and cool chemical compounds suitable for drug development, which will then be converted into a solid form and returned to Earth, where it hopes they’ll serve as the basis for making industrial-size batches of new pharma products in traditional factories. Among the products it is likely to pursue are novel cancer therapies, as well as treatments for diabetes and chronic pain. “We have built a unique way to manipulate chemical systems,” says Will Bruey, Varda’s co-founder and chief executive officer. “And the most expensive chemical systems on Earth are drugs. We knew that making them in space was the killer app of microgravity.”
- It also has a $60 million contract with the US Air Force and NASA to study its capsules’ reentry into Earth’s atmosphere, which they’re expected to do at more than 25 times the speed of sound. So-called hypersonic flight is an area of strategic competition between the US and China, and Varda’s vehicles are attractive for experiments, since unlike many capsules returning to Earth they aren’t carrying humans.
- Numerous promising drugs can crystallize when stored, rendering them unusable on humans. Infamously, this issue forced a stop to the sales of the pill form of the HIV drug Ritonavir in the late 1990s, after years of research and hundreds of millions of dollars in investment. Varda’s executives think the company can use orbital labs to kick-start development of new versions of many older drugs in safe pill and injectable forms.
- Assuming it succeeds in demonstrating in its first launch that its basic methods can work, Varda will still have to confront doubts that many useful drugs can be made in space and questions about whether drugs originating in orbit can be mass-produced in factories on Earth.
- Varda Space Industries of El Segundo, California, $1.9 million.
- Varda will mature Conformal Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator (C-PICA), a cost-effective and mass-efficient thermal protection system material developed by NASA. The project will flight test C-PICA and start commercial production of the material.
W-1 (Winnebago-1) Mission
- The companies did not disclose the terms of the contract. The spacecraft will spend up to three months in orbit to test space manufacturing technologies. At the end of that mission, a reentry capsule will return to Earth the material produced in orbit.
- Company executives said they chose SpaceX because it offered the least expensive and most reliable solution for getting their spacecraft into orbit. “Launch costs is a core driver of our economics,” said Delian Asparouhov, co-founder and president of Varda Space, in an interview. “We want to stick to the lowest cost available solution.”
- There’s also an option for Varda to procure a fourth Photon spacecraft in the future. “For the first few missions, we are developing what we call it as Disposable Space Factories. The Photon and the factory will burn up but the materials will survive. That’s just to keep the technology as simple as possible.”
- The company plans to develop rendezvous and docking capability as soon as the business scales up. “The future is showing that we can send the materials and the factory up to the space for 1 million dollars and we can make a million and one dollars of profit. [T]he moment that happens, we [will] turn around like SpaceX and start producing these factories every single day and make them larger and larger, where initially, rather than having something the size of the Photon, we have something the size of a school bus, and eventually something the size of the ISS, or even ten times the ISS.”
Varda waiting on FAA license to return space manufacturing capsule (SpaceNews, 2023-07-25)
- Varda Space Industries launched its first spacecraft, called W-Series 1, on the SpaceX Transporter-8 rideshare mission June 12, to test the ability to produce crystals in microgravity. Those crystals would be brought back to Earth in a reentry capsule set to return as soon as July 17.
- A key issue is that Varda is the first to seek a reentry license under new FAA regulations known as Part 450.
- Company didn’t have a firm date for returning the 120-kilogram capsule but was making plans for a potential reentry in early to mid August. In addition to the FAA reentry license, Varda has to coordinate with the FAA’s air traffic organization on airspace closures and with the Defense Department’s Utah Test and Training Range, where the capsule will land.
- The company is working on its second spacecraft that, like the first, will be manufactured by Rocket Lab using that company’s Photon bus. That spacecraft will launch on the Transporter-10 rideshare mission late this year or early next year.
Varda Space, Rocket Lab nail first-of-its-kind spacecraft landing in Utah, TechCrunch, 2024-02-22.
- A spacecraft containing pharmaceutical drugs that were grown on orbit has finally returned to Earth today after more than eight months in space.
- Varda Space Industries’ in-space manufacturing capsule, called Winnebago-1, landed in the Utah desert at around 4:40 p.m. EST. Inside the capsule are crystals of the drug ritonavir, which is used to treat HIV/AIDS.
- It marks a successful conclusion of Varda’s first experimental mission to grow pharmaceuticals on orbit, as well as the first time a commercial company has landed a spacecraft on U.S. soil, ever.
- The capsule will now be sent back to Varda’s facilities in Los Angeles for analysis, and the vials of ritonavir will be shipped to a research company called Improved Pharma for post-flight characterization, Varda said in a statement. The company will also be sharing all the data collected through the mission with the Air Force and NASA, per existing agreements with those agencies.
- Because the orbital capsule reenters the atmosphere at over Mach 25 speeds, the company is also marketing the capsule as a hypersonic test bed. Last March, Varda secured $60 million from the U.S. Air Force to test components and subsystems in a real flight environment.
- Varda is planning on this reentry being the first of many; in addition to three more missions already under contract with Rocket Lab, the company eventually wants to ramp up to a monthly cadence by 2026.
Varda Releases Results of In-Space Pharma Mission, Payload, 2024-03-21.
- A molecular sample analysis released yesterday confirmed the company produced crystals of ritonavir—an HIV medication—in space.
- Crucially, Varda demonstrated the ability to keep the sensitive crystals stable during the capsule’s fiery reentry back home.
Biopharma
- Traditional solid state (XRPD, DSC, and TGA) and particle characterization (laser diffraction, dynamic image analysis).
- Crystallization process development, coupled with in-situ sensors (video microscopy, Raman, infrared) to probe and assess crystallization kinetics in real time to map process windows and ensure robust experimental design.
Hypersonic flight test bed
Status Comment / Notes
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In-Space Manufacturing, Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (LEO)
Development
Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite), Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), In-Space Manufacturing
Dormant, Early stage
Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite), Transport Service (Re-Entry)
Development
ARGO
Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite), Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), Transport Service (Earth-LEO)
Concept, Development
ARGO
Transport Service (Re-Entry)
Dormant, Early stage
Oryx, Mini Space Brake (MSB)
Transport Service (Re-Entry), In-Space Manufacturing, Resources - Water, Resources - Asteroid Mining, Space Mining, ISRU (In Situ Resource Utilization)
Dormant
Meteoroid Complementary Descent Module, ASTREO
Space Tug, Transport Service (Re-Entry), In-Space Logistics
Concept
Dream Chaser, Shooting Star
Transport Service (Earth-LEO), Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite)
Development
Ghost
Transport Service (Earth-LEO), Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite)
Development
RED-25, RED-DATA2
Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (LEO)
Launched, Demonstrated, Development
Starship, Starship HLS, Starship Human Landing System
Human Landing System, Transport Service (Earth-LEO), Transport Service (Re-Entry), Transport Service (LEO-Moon), Point-to-point
Development, Launched
Dragon, Dragon 2, Cargo Dragon
Transport Service (Earth-LEO), Transport Service (Re-Entry)
Active
Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite)
Development
Transport Service (Re-Entry)
Development
VSI-LAB
Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite)
Early stage, Dormant
SpaceCase
Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite), Microgravity Flight Service (LEO)
Development